Wrench



J. S MORRISON.

WRENCH.

APPLICATION FILED N0v.1o.1916.

Patented July 1, 1919.

I .INVENTOR I BY I ATTORNEY JAMES s. MORRISON", 0F 'ZELIN '1, MICHIGAN.

WRENCH.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 1, 1919.

Application filed November 10, 1916. Serial No. 130,557.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, JAMES S. MORRISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Flint, in the county of Genesee and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wrenches; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. i i

This invention relates to wrenches and pertains more particularly to end wrenches adapted for operation on nuts and bolt heads. The present improvement pertains more particularly to certain means and devices and their equivalents, whereby a solid jaw end wrench maybe adapted to serve also as a ratchet wrench, thereby avoiding the necessity of removing the wrench from the nut or bolt head at each operation of the wrench.

A further object of my improvement is to provide a ratchet device which will permit the wrench to be turned freely in one direction around the nut orbolt and which will grip the fiat faces of the nut in the same manner as they are held by an end wrench of the solid construction or onepiece type in common use.

It will be noted that my improved wrench engages the flat faces of the nut or bolt head, and not the corners, as would be the case if a wrench of the ordinary ratchet type were employed. There is consequently no tendency for my improved wrench to bruise or bur the corners of the nuts.

With the above and other objects in view, which will appear later in the specification, my invention consists in the devices described and claimed and the equivalents thereof.

In the drawings, Figure l is a side view, broken away in part, of the head of an end wrench embodying my improvement, a nut being shown gripped by the wrench.

Fig. 2 is a similar View showing the parts of the wrench in the position they occupy when the wrench is being moved on the backward or non-working stroke. j

Fig. 3 is a front view of the pawl.

Fig. 4 is a rear view of'the same.

As is clearly shown in the drawings, the device consists in the usual stock or handle 1 having an outer jaw 52 formed integral therewith, the inner faces of the jaw being shaped to conform to the shape and size of the nut to be operated upon; in the case illustrated, the nut 3 being shown as a hexagonal nut.

A short inner jaw 4 is also formed integral with the stock 1, and the stock is formed with a recess 5, in which a pawl 6 is movably mounted, being normally held in its upwardly projected position by a suitable spring. 7.

A pin 8 passes through the handle and throu 'h the recess 5 and engages a stop or shoulder .9 of the pawl 6 when the pawl is projected.

The outer or working end of the pawl is formed with a tongue 10, one face of which slidably engages the face of the jaw 4c, the other face of the ton ue being beveled and lying in a plane parallel with the plane of the opposite face of the outer jaw 2, so that the opposing faces of the not will be engaged between the face of the tongue 10 and the j aw 2 when the wrench is moved through its working stroke, as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1. i

The extremity 11 of the tongue 10' is rounded to permit the corner of the nut 3 to slidably engage the tongue by cam action to push the pawl back agalnst the resistance of the spring 7 when the wrench is on its nonworking stroke, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 2.

At the base of the tongue 10 a second shoulder 12 is formed on the pawl 6 to engage the adjacent face of the nut 3 on the working stroke, as shown in Fig. 1.

When the wrench is applied to the nut or bolt 3, as shown in Fig. 1, it is seen that the faces of the outer jaw 2 engage the sides of the nut, and the two opposite sides of the nut are merely fitted against the face of the tongue 10 and the face of the shoulder 12, these four faces acting substantially as the correspondingfaces of a solid end wrench, but on the non-working stroke, as illustrated in Fig. 2, the corners of the nut move around into engagement with the flat faces of the jaw 2, while the opposite corner of the nut slides along the rounded extremity 11 of the tongue, pushing the pawl 6 against the compression of the spring 7, permitting the wrench to be freely rotated around the nut in the direction of the non-working movement of the wrench.

It is thus seen that there is no tendency to forcibly grip or squeeze the nut, and that there is no gripping of the corners of the nut, as would be the case with a wrench of the ordinary ratchet or pipe wrench construction, and consequently there is no liability of marring the edges of the nuts.

It has been found in practice that the wrench herein described is capable of performing all of the functions of an end wrench of the ordinary integral or solid construction and in addition the ratchet function enables the work to be performed with much greater rapidity and without liability of marring the work.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A wrench having one of its jaws formed with angularly disposed faces adapted to fit the work, an oppositely disposed integral jaw, a pawl slidably mounted upon said second mentioned jaw, a tongue on said pawl, said tongue formed with a beveled face merging into a rounded face at the outer end of the pawl, a shoulder formed on said pawl, and disposed at an angle to the beveled face of said tongue at its inner end, said angular shoulder adapted to cooperate with the angular faces of the opposite jaw for turning the nut, and means engaging the pawl to normally hold the tongue in its outwardly projected position.

2. Incombination, a wrench for nuts, said 7 Copies of this patent may be obtained for wrench having jaws, one of said jaws angularly faced, a pawl slidably mounted on the other of said jaws, abeveled faced tongue on said pawl, the beveled face of the tongue merging into a rounded face at the outer end of the pawl adapted to permit a cam action between the tongue and the work, a shoulder on said pawl disposed at an angle with the beveled face of said tongue at its inner end, said angular shoulder adapted to cooperate with the faces of said angular jaw for turning the nut, and means adapted to normally hold the tongue in its outwardly projected position.

3. In a wrench having a pair of fixed jaws, a pawl slidingly mounted on one of said jaws, said pawl including a beveled face tongue, said beveled face merging into a rounded face at the outer end of the pawl to permit a cam action between the tongue and the work, and a shoulder on said pawl disposed at an angle with the beveled face of said tongue at its inner end, said shoulder adapted to cooperate with the opposite jaw of the wrench for turning the work.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

J AMES S. MORRISON.

lVitnesses NELLIE M. ANGUS, Roy WALLIS.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0. 

